Title: CHALLENGES IN DEPLOYING LSTMS AND BLACK-BOX MODELS FOR DIVERSIFICATION – A THEORETICAL APPROACH

Author: Chibli Mayada

Abstract: This paper offers a theoretical exploration of the deployment challenges associated with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and other black-box models in diversification tasks, particularly within high-stakes domains such as finance. While LSTMs demonstrate robust predictive capabilities for time-series data, their implementation is frequently hindered by issues of interpretability, over fitting, data quality constraints, and the complexity of hyperparameter tuning. Through a structured literature-based methodology, the study critically reviews model architecture constraints, operational challenges, and the trade-offs between predictive performance and transparency. Emphasis is placed on the probabilistic outputs and ensemble configurations of black-box models, illustrating how diversity in data and model representation can both aid and complicate deployment. The paper highlights the limitations of explainable AI (xAI) methods when applied to LSTM models, where architectural complexity obscures causal inference and prediction reasoning. In addition, comparative analysis with traditional models demonstrates that while black-box systems often yield higher accuracy, their opacity raises concerns in regulatory and operational settings. This study states the need for hybrid approaches, including rule-based augmentation and surrogate modeling, to balance performance with interpretability. Ultimately, the paper provides actionable insights and best practices for practitioners aiming to deploy LSTM-based and black-box architectures more effectively in diverse application areas.

Keywords: LSTM deployment, Black-box model interpretability, Model diversification, Hyperparameter tuning, Explainable AI in finance.

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